01. What is globalization

1.Summarize

Globalization is essentially contested concept. Velho spoke globalization as object, perspective and horizon. Within the community of scholars and observers of global processes, the world takes on a different complexion. It became increasingly apparent in recent years. Besides, antiglobalization movement such as WTO, IMF and so on grew rapidly. The world become a single place characterized by unicity. The most important of globalization is increasing connectivity. It is considered as a combination of both subjective and cultural factors. The major world conflicts focused on civilizational issues. Th significance of the material resource aspects of recent international conflicts and great salience of military and strategic considerations are important. Major dimensions of globalization are the cultural, the social, the economic, the political and the cultural. Sociologists participate in debate about globalization. The concern with the environment is part of contemporary human culture. W should say in passant manner that discussion of the role of imperial moves in the making of the modern world. In speaking of multidimensionality in the previous section, methodological principle may be applied. We have to think the component of humanity. Glocalization has received considerable attention within the confines of business studies. Real sociological or anthropolocial question becomes relationship between the global and local. What happens after globalization is significant concept of globalization. There is no criterion to fully globalized world. Grobalization as a homogenizing force would be ongoing process. Current worldwide concerns are politicians and religious leaders with national identities. Interrelationship between globalization and local identity is apparently paradoxical relationship. But these days, globalization becomes a negative buzzword that makes problems.

 

2. Mention

In class, we discussed examples of glocalization. In this, I can learn concept, history and process of glocalization. Many people say 'A globalized world' and I thought it too. But thanks to this text, I can know it is wrong. Globalized world is impossible and increase self-limiting process. Globalization is homogenizing force that is ongoing process until everything in the world has been enveloped by it.

 

3. Question

 

Developing countries remain in first model of globalization. Besides, developed countries are developing countinuously. Are developed countries need to support developing countries? How to support? I want to discuss this question in our class.

What is globalization?

1. summary
This text talk about various perspective of globalization.
In the late 1990s there are the antiglobalization movement. As this movement grew 
international organizations like the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the G7/8 assemblies. And great inequalities were produced by globalization.
in the early 2000s between the notions of globalization from above and globalization from below. Meanwhile, in the early 1990s the more affluent nations developed a policy, promoted particularly about  desirability of open markets, free trade, deregulation and privatization.  And nation consider about military, international conflicts, strategy and so on. Because globalization also means competition.the expansion of capitalism around the world has of seeming necessity involved the elevation of the cultural themes.
Sociologists said there are three dimensions of globalization. It is the economic, the political and the cultural globalization. Cultural globalization effect to the economic globalization.
 McDonald’s Corporation, Nike, Starbucks, the Gap, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) are spread to all around the world and adapted brands to local circumstances. 
Glocalization is way to make relationship and protect the local identity. It mix the global(foreign)culture and local culture.

2. What was interesting/what did you learn:
 From this text, I learned historical, economic and identity of globalization.
I thought capitalism is very important reason and big part of globalization and globalization is large stream of society. Because people started to go and  interchange with other c ountry to get more products and wealth. Nowadays, economy is connecting and one country's problem affect to other country's economy.
And I thought wealth can accumulate by globalization, but sometimes countries have to protect from competition.
Some individual live their own country, and experience other countries indirectly. Corporation and nation play important role.  But  individual's international exchange became active more and more.
So globalozation will advance in the close future. And I was interesting in glocalization and identity.
Because I think maintaining traditional culture is also very important.  

3. Discussion Point:
I think about exchange among nations. Globalization is chance for many countries.
Because they can get more information and market can be bigger.
However, at the same time their cultural side can be decreased gradually, not glocalized.
How can we maintain balance between tradition(old custom) and foreign culture?
Should we accept it as social stream or should restrict more?

What is globalization

1) summarize in your own words of materials you read; 

What is Globalization? It can cover number of disciplinary standpoints or distinctive features of what has come to be called globalization. Many scholars define globalization differently. Velho (1997), for example, has spoken of globalisation as a single process, as if ‘it’ were being addressed from an Archimedean standpoint. In the Velho’s paradigm, it is the direction in which the world considered as a whole is moving. During the 1990s there arose what was called the antiglobalisation movement. The protest against capitalistic globalization grew rapidly.

The most important single defining feature of globalization is that of increasing connectivity and consciousness. Samuel Huntington predicted that, assumed end of the Cold War, centred as it was upon the conflict between the United States and USSR, the major world conflicts from there on would not be ideologically based, but rather focused more on civilizational issues. In Huntington’s argument, civilizational conflicts would revolve above all upon profound differences in conceptions of the nature and purpose of human life.

There are three major dimensions of globalization: the economic, the political and the cultural. The culture has come increasingly to the fore partly because of the concern with economic globalization. There has been much talk of what Ritzer has called McDonaldization (2000). Ritzer has been primarily concerned with the spread from America to much of the rest of the world of certain social and economic practices that have been spread not simply by the McDonald’s, but by such others as Nike, Starbucks, the Gap, KFC and so on.

The concept of glocalization is one which has received considerable attention within the confines of business studies. The problem between the local and the global could be overcome by a deceptively simple concept of diffusion. Diffusion theory anticipated what we now call glocalization in very important respects.

2) mention of any new, interesting, or unusual items learned; 

For me, the most interesting part in this article was about ‘glocalization’. We often think we are living in a globalized world. However, the real world is not simple as that. Even McDonald’s spread all over the world, it is necessary to be the same in every country. For example, McDonald’s in Korea sell Bulgogi Burger. Which is combine of global and local culture. But I wonder if the globalization process as a homogenizing force continue, could local cultures eventually survive?

3) identify at least one question, concern, or discussion angle that is either problematic in some respect or could have been elaborated more.

Is globalization more likely, as Ritzer argued, homogenization? Or is it rather a diffusion of multiple cultures. It is true that we can found Korean restaurants easily in other country. But on the other hand, what we can call ‘our culture’ or ‘tradition’ is becoming hard to find. So the question is, will globalization eventually bring monoculturalism or cultural diversity can remain in the future?

What is globalization?

1. Summary
 The question‘What is globalization?’ is both simple and complicate depend on what we are focusing on. There are so many discussions about definition of globalization in the world so it is hard to assure what globalization is and means. Also there are lots of attemptation to try to make a definition. Velho  has spoken of globalization as an object, a perspective and a horizon. As Velho mentioned, globalization may be understood as the direction in which the world considered as a whole is moving.
 Globalization has been discussed in sociology and anthropology, as well as in religious studies, as long ago as the late 1970s and early 1980s. However, concern with globalization in effect began  many centuries ago.
 Considering the rise of globalization theory was the relatively simple observation, it seems the world was increasingly becoming a ‘single place’. Follow this, the most important single defining feature of globalization seems as increasing connectivity.
 Globalization needs to be considered as a combination of both subjective and cultural factors. But the failure to acknowledge fully the cultural aspect of globalization is clearly a very costly mistake from some examples.
 Many books and articles on globalization usually said there are three major dimensions of such: the economic, the political and the cultural. The latter, the cultural, has come increasingly to the fore partly because of the concern with economic globalization. Writers mentioned McDonaldization. It means global brands need to adapt local circumstances and their specific or special taste, religion and so on. The central thrust of this brief comment on there lationship between economic and cultural factors is the expansion of capitalism around the world has of seeming necessity involved the elevation of the cultural themes. It is connecting to globalization.

2. What was interesting?
 I would like to mention glocalization that our class studied and discussed before. All over the world there are lots of success example of glocalization. After reading 'one week in Beijing', I was interested especially KFC in China. In China KFC is more popular than Macdonald. Because KFC studied specific and special taste and behavior of Chinese then developed and made 'meal' only for    Chinese and it fits well.
 Let us see more specific examples. KFC offer rice congee and bread meal and as many as 80 different meals for breakfast made of local ingredient. Also according to one-child policy, Chinese parents think of their child so precious and they have a tendency to do whatever the children wants. Following this trend, KFC make their department's design fit for young child like high class kindergarten; they plan children's birthday party fabulously to make children think they are so special. Not even targeting for children, they also target college student in many ways. It is a good example of glocalization but there are other view of that below.      

3. Discussion point

 As a student of cultural anthropology, sometimes glocalization seems as intrusion of global corporates or capitalism into cultural part of a nation. We should not ignore a single part of a cultural area. Often it makes conflicts in efficiency and cost-effective way that study or handle the situation.    But in every single part, economic and cultural part is not always in conflict relation. There should be many ways to get involved well. I am going to find some examples of that also I want to discuss that in this semester.        

What is globalization(Mao Shikai)---late

1.The main idea
 Globalization was discussed by that explicit name in sociology and anthropology,as well as in religious studies,as long as the late 1970s and early 1980s.As the antiglobalization movement grew,through often massive,sometimes violent,demonstrations at meetings of such organizations as the World Trade Organization,the International Monetary Fund and the G7/8 assemblies,largely through the increasingly instrumental use of the Internat in the facilitation of such global movements,so too did the development of a global consciousness about what were perceived to be the great inequalities prodced by globalization,in its mainly economic sense.Ever since the early 1990s there has indeed developed policy,promoted particularly by the more affluent nations,in favor of the desirability of open markets,free trade,deregulation and privatization.Nevertheless,it has been found that in spite of attempts to spread the consumption of goods or services around the world in a relatively homogeneous way it is necessary to adapt brands to local circumstances.Widespread and extensive migration has contributed a great deal to these.At this time the debates in a number of societies about their identities is an excellent example of the centrality of the nation-state to any discussion of globalization.

In order to produce goods for a market of diverce consumers,it is necessary for any producer,large or small,to adapt his/her product in some way to particular features of envisaged set of consumers.
2.My opinion
I think the problem mentioned in the article--what hanppens after globalization,maybe the topic we should think about.I thing globalization means connection and communication crossing boundaries.Different countries is not importan any more.Students can study at other area universities ,contacting with local people to get new sentiment.Merchant make business with all kinds of people,this is very obvious in the process of globalization,even i think economy is the first motive force.It can drive so many aspects follow the step of glolbal connections.Especially recent years,Internet is born,developping explosibility,which make it easy and operable for the world to be one place.Everyone can buy any things from another guys at the other side of the  world if you can surf on the Internet.Consumers get the value of the novel products,in the meantime,merchants get the profits.These transactions bring benefits for two sides,so big motivation emerged.Urging the globalization developing forward.As for the other aspects,like culture and policy,they are cofactors.Because people connect with each other from different backgrounds,they adapt spontaneously to become similar.Otherwise,the government carrys out their special policy to protect and standard the operation of globalization.
3.Discussion point
Globalization is happening everey day,but the motive force must be changed or will change.I want us discuss about what will be the biggest motivation for globalization.

what is globalization

1) Summarize in your own words of materials you read
We are already has many definition of globalization. People, books and articles talk about globalization a lot. Nonetheless, we try to make understandable concept for each perspective. The dispute arose between developing countries and developed countries because of different perspectives of globalization.
Velho has spoken of globalization as an object, a perspective and a horizon. Velho himself argues that, from within observers of global processes, the world takes on a different complexion when viewed in global terms. In his idea, globalization may be understood as the direction in which the world considered as a whole is moving. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, term use across the world. During the late 1990s, anti-globalization movement arose, in its mainly economic sense. Result of this, organizations called the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) found.
You have heard about McDonaldization. It has been found that in spite of attempts to spread the consumption of goods or services around the world in a relatively homogeneous way it is necessary to adapt brands to local circumstances. In conclusion, it can here be stipulated that the major dimensions of globalization are indeed the cultural, the social, the political and the economic. It should be stressed that in referring to the social dimension.
The issue of the form of globalization was raised by Immanuel Wallerstein. Wallerstein pointed out the matter of his work on the making of the world capitalist system. In the process of globalization, four things are important point- the international-systemic aspect, the concept of humanity, individual selves, is the principal ‘container’ of human beings.
The problem of the relationship between the local and the global could be overcome by a deceptively simple conceptual move. Yet someone can use ‘globalized world’. But we know that a globalized world is an impossible world.

2) Mention of any new, interesting, or unusual items learned
During the lecture of the globalization, there is a question that when is the start of the globalization. I thought the propagation process of religion. Buddhism was to flourish and spread in the East from India to South-East Asia, and towards the north to Central Asia, China, Korea, and finally to Japan in 538 AD and Tibet in the 7th century. In my opinion, ancient societies trade skills, books, sliver, and foods and so on. But those are not spread more widely than Buddhism.
 Food is example of globalization too. In Korea, pizza, hamburger, curry is not our traditional food, but common food. And sports can be an example of globalization. Most people in the world know about the football, baseball and so on. It also held big competition. People in many countries enjoy the game. Globalization provides more choice to consumer. And Globalization provides more chance to company. Companies try to make the most popular product. If the product captures the public fancy, the company will sell much more than before. For example, apple is America’s brand. But apple’ product captures the world fancy, so they takes top of the global smartphone market share.
 OECD, IMF, AI, Greenpeace is the example of political globalization. Before this class, I didn’t know about AI. Amnesty International is a non-governmental organization focused on human rights. The stated objective of the organization is "to conduct research and generate action to prevent and end grave abuses of human rights, and to demand justice for those whose rights have been violated."

3) Identify at least one question, concern, or discussion angle that is either problematic in some respect or could have been elaborated more.
I think Globalization is influencing cultural, economical, political material to other. And also Affected one can combine materials for their environment. For example, burger is the example of globalization. We can eat burger anywhere in korea. And also, we add local material to burger. we combine burger and bulgogi.

What is globalization?

1) Summarize

Globalization is an essentially contested concept. A strong characteristic of the currency of the concept is the cleavage between people who take a mainly economic position on globalization and other people who have a broader viewpoint. As anti-capitalistic globalization grew rapidly, the movement itself is one of the globalization process. People thought that the most important single defining feature of globalization is that of increasing connectivity (or interconnectedness). Thus, for people who think of globalization as being pivoted upon this, little attention is given directly to what could, be considered as a combination of both subjective and cultural factors. Seeming failure to acknowledge fully the cultural aspect of globalization can now clearly be seen as a very costly mistake from the perspective of globalization theory.

There are three major dimensions on globalization. They’re economic, the political and the cultural. Because of the economic globalization, the cultural dimension has come increasingly to the fore partly. When referring to the social dimension, we are including the communicative. Culture includes the environmental concern. We should keep in mind there’s no dimension that is more important than the other. According to Wallerstein’s point of view, over the past five or six hundred years, the present world-system has been produced mainly by the expansion of capitalism. Wallerstein regards it as now being increasingly challenged by anti-systemic movements. We are constrained to think of the overall process of globalization in a more multifaceted way as far as we have rejected the unidimensional, economic approach to globalization,

The problem precipitating the concept of glocalization was the relationship between the global and the local. Attempting to characterize globalization will be followed. Two major directional tendencies on globalizations are increasing global connectivity and increasing global consciousness. And also like the operations of the UN, globalization is focused upon four reference: nation-states, world politics, individuals, and humankind. Globalization has a particular form to all intents and purposes, consummated by the founding of the United Nations organization. At last, globalization is constituted by sides of life. They’re the cultural, the social, the political and the economic. In real situations, they’re intertwined. In some situations, one or more aspects are more prominent. In modern society, the cultural and the economic are closely interpenetrative.

To conduct effective and plausible critical analysis, the attainment of ever more sophisticated frameworks for the very discussion of globalization is required. Undisciplined critique is dangerous in the way that globalization simply can become negative fad words, something to employ as a source of blame for each and every problem. In spite of much rigorous elaboration of globalization theory recently, we still unfortunately see a lot of such indulgence around us.

 

 

2) Interesting items I learned

Glocalization.

We learned the term ‘Glocalization’ and shared ideas and thoughts about it during our class before. After I read this article, I could understand it more clearly and specifically. I thought this word ‘Glocalization’ in positive view because its dictionary definition is not that bad. However, after reading this article, I thought there can be many arguments about this term and related issues. I think ‘glocalization’ can be somewhat violent to certain countries and cultures such as developing countries. I can’t recognize it before. I was impressed that relation between the global and the local is important thing when discuss glocalization.

 
 

3) Discussion point

The writer mentioned “There is a particularly significant set of ramifications of the concept of glocalization. This has to do with the ways in which one might sensibly answer the question: What happens after globalization?”. And the writer also said there can be no criterion as a fully globalized world might look like. Then, I think an ideal or an expected glocalization is diverse and reflected by one’s view and intention points about globalization. Although we discussed similar questions, I don’t think we talk about it directly. I wonder other students’ thoughts and want to discuss view on globalization combined glocalization in our class.

 

Globalization

1. summary

Globalization's mean has formed by sociologist. Most recent globalization's mean has two argument. One is perception world as a whole, the other is connectivity between worlds. Globalization is ongoing, and the scale is more and more bigger. Mainly globalization has three aspect-culture, political, economical. Cultural globalization is the blend between national culture and the emergence united value, norms, products. Westernization or orientalism are kind of cultural globalization.

Political globalization started warfare. Today, it is attempted to intergovernmental organizations. intergovernmental organizations try to resolve international issue. UN, WTO, IMF are kind of intergovernmental organization. But these global governance structures are described undemocratic and week. Recently, there are Non-governmental organizations(NGO) like amnesty international, greenpeace, red cross. They are gaining power about global society.

Economic globalization represents economic interdependence of national economies about world. Economic globalization has various aspects-trade flow, investment flow, financial flow, corporate interlocks, the rise of multinational firms-. Trade globalization's value is higher, The amount of capital and the number of a jobs in a country that depend on contact with the outside world are larger.

Globalization is not only blend, fusion, integration but also distinct. For example, Macdonald can be seen most countries. Everyone knows that 'M' symbol means Macdonald and we can eat hamburger there. 'M' is global symbol everyone share. But macdonald in korea is set bulgogi burger menu originated korean traditional foods. Global products are made according to local tastes. It is told 'Glocalization'. 

2. mention

In argument about cultural globalization, this sentence is interesting. “Globalization creates a blend of the heterogeneous and homogeneous society-a fusion of cultures around the world.” This looks two-sided. Although globaliztion is result of integration, it can be deactivated from existing culture's point. Globaliztion can cause a neglected class of people. For example, some korean often view unfavorably about southeast asian who visit korea for working. Because they think southeast asian worker take away job. And similarly there was brexit in UK. 

3. question

I think globalization has to be pursued for a long. Brexit showed many things against globalization. How do you think about UK civil's choice? In korea society, globalization is almost a moral ideal. Variety described as trait of globalization is thoght positive word. In this reason, korea doesn't have nature resource itself and rely on world economy, trade. If world progressed anti-globalization, how korea society become?

What is globalization?

What is globalization?

1. Summary.

This reading is about the notion of globalization. Unlikely with the many other theories, Globalization has a somehow open definition, in other words, it is still contested concept. There had been many separated, several concepts provided by several authors. It is highly important that Globalization cannot be reified by an ontological way but plural meanings. For examples, Velho(1997) emphasized that the having an inter-subjectivity is crucial. If someone take his own perspectival position, all the devised notion of globalization contributes to the development of complex, mutual-cooperative notion of the globalization. In Velho paradigm, Globalization is understood as a ‘direction’ which guide the whole world to the some circumstance. However, Globalization may have some concerns about the negative effects. Globalization caused inequalities between nations combining with the capitalistic paradigm through open markets, free trade, and deregulation. In the standpoint of the dimensions of globalization, there are three main dimensions of such, economic, political, and cultural. And moreover the cultural dimension has become much more important because of the influences combined with the economic dimension. For examples, there are McDonaldization by Ritzer. Ritzer pointed out the cultural imperialism, which contributed a lot to the latent Globalization. Despite of the attempts to spread the consumption of goods or services, it is very important to adapt specific brands to local, cultural circumstances.

Also, Globalization is distinguished by two major directional tendencies, increasing global connection and global consciousness. This consciousness does not mean consensus, a shared sense of the world as a whole. In case of the form of Globalization, like the United Nations, globalization is focused on nation-states, world politics, individuals, and humankind. It is important to understand what features, dimensions, and forms consist of globalization. We are living the most globalized historical stage ever, so we have to understand our position in the globalized world more in detail.

2. new items I learned from the article.

I was very impressed about the inter-subjectivity of globalization. It means the mutual understanding and mutual respect about what they had been found. Such as glocalization, there are many good and bad aspects and by-products derived from globalization. For example, by the economic perspectives, there exist severe inequalities in the world. Definitely, some countries are economically powerful but some countries are not. In these circumstances, the side-effects derived from globalization costs a lot to the developing countries. It maybe lead the developing countries’ status to the one similar with economical imperialism in the past. For example, by the FTA, many countries are connected by free trade. But somehow the result of FTA only cause to reinforce the advanced country’s interests. In the cultural aspects, as well, the influences of the advanced country threaten to disappear the poor country’s own culture. Under these circumstances, there have no choice but to be generated numerous theories and studies reflecting each country’s conditions, good or bad. But the Globalization is always contested concept, not a single definition. It was interesting to me that every opinion and theory could be considered to be convinced, and regarded as a whole living discourse.

3. discussion point.

My discussion point about globalization is what personal qualities will be needed to survive in the fast-changing globalized world or not to fall behind from the change. We are living in the globalized society and world. Moreover, the information technologies growth very fast day by day. In this fast changing society, we encountered both chances to progress our cultural, economical status and risks to lose our own identities and subjectivities. Also, by the progress of the internet, the importance and influence of public or individual are becoming much more effective. We can easily find information from the foreign public by the SNS or web sites. Our informative territory is expanded for worldwide. In this manner, what effort could we take as an individual to maintain our own history and identity? 

What is globalization?

1. Summary:

 This text says “What Is Globalization?” has general and specific sides. In Velho’s opinion, he said that globalization may be understood as the direction in which the world considered as a whole is moving.

 First, Globalization was studied as sociology and anthropology in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Conception of Globalization didn’t come up in the world until the late 1980s or early 1990s, But, in 1989, This conception spread widely across world because of the fall of the Berlin Wall. There are the flow of world that called the antiglobalization during the late 1990s.

 Instrumental use of the Internet that means the technological advance has promoted globalization. In development of a global consciousness, Globalization is inevitable phenomenon. However, It has not only positive aspects but also negative aspects. Globalization cause inequalities produced between some countries particularly in the economic aspect. Globalization didn’t effect on only economic part. There are there are three major dimensions that is the economic, the political and the cultural part. None are more important than the others. After all, human perception of the environment is very important thing.

 In conclusion, globalization has two major directional tendencies that is increasing global connectivity and global consciousness. In this situation, the discussion of globalization is Important to appropriate critical analysis to take place

2. What was interesting/what did you learn:

From early on, I have lived in global society, so I have taken for granted benefit of globalization that is taking some global food, wearing global brand clothes, listening to the foreign music and so on. So Globalization have not exerted bad influence to me. Globalization is also familiar word for me because I heard so much in elementary, middle, and high school. At that time I learned that Globalization is just positive thing. But, taking this class and reading this text, I learn that globalization can be bad influence on some countries that is poor. This is interest thing to me.

 I also learned from this class and text that globalization is not straightforward thing, but this includes politic, cultural, social and economic concept. So I want to get more information about "What is globalization?" because the world is continuously changing to global society.

3. Discussion Point:

 There are already many subject of discussion in this class. Participating in discussion, I think that cultural toadyism is interesting subjects. As globalization progressed, more and more foreign culture spread to other countries. In underdeveloped country, I think that many people from that country accept foreign culture thoughtless because foreign country is more technically advanced countries than their countries. In this situation, their native culture will disappear. I think that they should accept other cultures on the base of a strong identity of their own heritage. So I think that Students in our class discuss with each other about the Issue that some countries experience cultural toadyism and overcome cultural toadyism is very interesting.

What is globalization

What is globalization

1.     Summary

I think globalization is a term of the phenomenon which is created by impact of different nations or local societies. So it has various concepts. The interactions between different country extremely increased because of development of transportation and communication. And local groups have showed various different positions with other countries. Through this process, various kinds of phenomenons are occurred. The main academic concepts of globalization like global connectivity and global consciousness are emerged from this. Roland Robertson defined globalization as ‘the compression of the world and the intensification of the consciousness of the world as a whole’. And I think his comment is explanation about these things(Phenomenons by interactions between different nations). Area of perception is increased with development of technology. In 20th century, mankind widened the physical connecting area by air-plane and also widened communication distance by phone and internet. Nowadays, we can make a communication all over the world anytime by smartphone. Also, there are many multi-national place in online. People make interaction with other country quite easily. This is why the globalization is issued these days.

Like we learned in class, globalization can be divided three main topics. Cultural globalization, political globalization and economic globalization.

Cultural globalization is the easily observed phenomenon. I think almost of us already heard teams like ‘Westernization’, ‘Americanization’ and ‘Orientalism’. These academic terms are based on western view because western countries took the lead of modern times. Almost of modern cultural assimilation and acculturation are led by western nations because they had more military force and economic power. And imperialism underpinned this. Until comparatively lately, many people believe western culture is progressive than eastern culture. Nowadays importance of cultural relativism is raised to issue and various culture came to the fore. But I think there still exist phenomenon about leading of advanced countries.

We can find the example of political globalization in the political infrastructure of global governance. There are so many multi-national or supranational organizations were founded such as OECD, IMF, NATO, WTO and Red-cross. Increasing of International exchange make necessity of these organizations and they have various purpose. I think almost of multi-national organizations are made by good purpose. But both profit organization or non-profit organization, such member nation has different initiative. Like the cultural globalization, I think almost political globalization is led by advanced countries.

Economic globalization can be observed by increasing of trade flows, investment flows and other financial indicators. With the development of transportation, nations actively trade their resource for mutual interest. But like preceding, I think economic globalization is also led by advanced countries. In many case, advanced country has consumer position and developing country has seller position. Because developing country’s price of resource and human resource are cheaper than advanced country. And in this circumstance, concentration and centralization of capital is occurred. So inequality of capital is progressively increasing and this phenomenon seems to be permanent.

The academic concept of globalization is comparatively modern term and the importance of it admits of no doubt. It will rapidly expand its academic area and I feel responsible to pay attention to it as a info-sociology student.

2.     What was interesting/what did you learn:

 Learning about globalization is interesting. Because I often use concept about globalization in other class but this is first class mainly handled globalization. Globalization is proceeding in various areas and various forms but I received an impression that the globalization is usually led by advanced countries. I think globalization is impact between different nation’s influence so it is necessarily asymmetry. This is not about positive or negative effect but actually cultural assimilation and cultural disappearance are occurred because of this. So I think we have to pay attention for cultural relativism. On the other hand, the raise of oriental cultural power is also interesting. Recently, Korean wave(K-pop, K-drama) received attention. Although the development of Korean cultural power was because of economic development, it is still interesting because it has more influence than Korea’s other barometers. So I also feel responsible to more study about cultural globalization and various culture of world.

3.     Discussion Point:

 In the class we already discussed about many interesting topics but I want to discuss about ‘boundary of cultural relativism’.

 Nowadays cultural relativism is considered important issue of globalization. But if the local citizens want to follow the other countries culture, what should we do? For example, in the process of interaction between advanced country and less developed local natives, natives want to follow the advanced country’s culture and rules. Do we still protect their culture against cultural extinction? Is the toadyism unquestioningly bad thing? I’m curious about it. And this is also issue about cultural relativism, the ‘boundary of universal values’. There are still on the rise about human right of women in Muslim countries. But it is rooted in their main culture. How far can we be involved in this? I also curious about this this issue.